Carbon Compound

Activity 2F:1. Copy and complete Table 2.9 to show the molecular formula, structural formula and the names for the first six straight chain members of alcohol and carboxylic acid.2. Explain why the first value of n is 0 for the general formula of the carboxylic acid homologous series.3. Explain why the carboxyl functional group COOH … Read more

Question 1:The following figure shows classifications of carbon compounds.Based on the figure above, state the definitions of:(a) Organic compounds.(b) Hydrocarbon and non hydrocarbon.(c) Saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Answer:(a) Carbon compounds are compounds that contain carbon as their constituent element.(b) – Organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon.– Organic compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen … Read more

Laboratory Activity 2A ( Fractional Distillation of Petroleum):Aim: To study the fractional distillation of petroleumMaterials: Petroleum and cottonApparatus: Filter paper, retort stand, thermometer (0 °C − 360 °C), round bottom flask, conical flask, test tube, Liebig condenser, wire gauze, tripod stand, test tubes, evaporating dish, porcelain chips, wooden block and Bunsen burner.Procedure:1. Measure 50 cm3 … Read more

Question 1:Carry out the activity in pairs. Classify the following substances into organic or inorganic compounds:(a) Propanol, C3H7OH (b) Carbon dioxide, CO2(c) Lead(II) carbonate, PbCO3(d) Glucose, C6H12O6(e) Ethanoic acid, CH3COOHAnswer:(a) Organic (b) Inorganic(c) Inorganic(d) Organic (e) Organic Question 2:State the term for each of the following statements:(a) Compounds containing the carbon element.(b) Hydrocarbons possessing only … Read more

Natural Rubber Natural Rubber Natural rubber is a natural polymer. Latex is a milk like liquid that flows out after the bark of the rubber tree is cut. Latex is mixture of rubber particles and water. Formula of natural rubber is (C5H8)n, where n is about 10,000. Monomer of natural rubber is C5H8, known as … Read more

Fats and Oils Oils and fats belong to a group of organic compounds known as lipids. Oils and fats are natural occurring esters. Fats are found in animals. Oils are found in both animals and plants. Structure of the Molecules Differences between Oils and Fats Fats are solids at room temperature while oils are liquids … Read more

Ester Esters are non-hydrocarbon organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. General Formula: CmH2m + 1COOCnH2n + 1 wherem = 0, 1, 2, 3n = 1, 2, 3 Example Ester  Formula   Methyl methanoate(m=0, n=1)  HCOOCH3  Ethyl methanoate(m=1, n=1)  CH3COOCH3  Ethyl ethanoate(m=1, n=2)  CH3COOC2H5  Propylethanoate(m=2, … Read more

Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Ethanoic acid is a weak monoprotic acid. As such, its chemical properties are similar to acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid. Ethanoic acid can react with: base metal carbonate metal alcohol Reactions of Carboxylic Acids with Reactive Metals Carboxylic acids react with the more reactive metals … Read more

Preparing Carboxylic Acids Making Carboxylic Acids by Oxidising Primary Alcohols  Alcohols can be oxidised to carboxylic acids using potassium dichromate(VI) solution in the presence of dilute sulphuric acid. Chemical Equation below represents the reaction.  C2H5OH+2[O] → CH3COOH + H2O The figure below shows the apparatus set up to prepare ethanoic acid. The mixture is heated … Read more

Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Boiling points The greater the number of carbons in the molecule, the higher the boiling point of a carboxylic acid. The boiling points of carboxylic acids are higher than the alcohols of same number of carbons. Solubility in water The small molecule carboxylic acid such as methanoic acid and ethanoic … Read more