Carbon Compound

Question 1:Figure 1 shows the products of petroleum fractional distillation at the oil refinery. (a) Why can petroleum be separated into its components by fractional distillation ? (b) Which of the following is A, B, C, D or E?(i) A fraction of kerosene.(ii) Used as fuel for heavy vehicles such as buses and lorries.(iii) Used … Read more

Self Assess 2.4:1. Draw the structural formula for each of the following compounds:(a) 2,3-dimethylbutane (b) 3,4-dimethylpent-1-ene(c) 3,4-dimethylheptane (d) 4-methylhex-1-yne (e) 3-methylpentan-2-ol(f) 1,2-dibromohexane 2. Figure 2.24 shows the structural formulae of three hydrocarbons, X, Y and Z. (a) Name the hydrocarbons labeled X, Y and Z.(b) Determine whether X, Y and Z are isomers. Give your … Read more

Activity 2N:Carry out this activity in groups.1. Write the molecular formula of an alcohol with 5 carbon atoms. 2. Draw and name all possible isomers of the molecular formula in question 1.Share all findings by carrying out the Stay-Stray activity. Answer:1.  C5H11OH 2. 

Question 1:Table 2.15 shows carbon compounds and their respective molecular formulae. (a)(i) Compare and contrast the sootiness of flames of compound P and compound Q when burnt in excess oxygen. Explain your answer. [Relative atomic mass: C = 12, H = 1]. (ii) Table 2.16 shows the result of an experiment where compound P and … Read more

Laboratory Activity 2E (Reaction of Ethanoic Acid with Ethanol):Aim: To study the reaction of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH with ethanol, C2H5OH. Materials: Glacial ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, absolute ethanol, C2H5OH and concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4. Apparatus: Beaker, Bunsen burner, test tube holder, boiling tube, dropper, glass rod and measuring cylinder. Procedure:1. Add 2 cm3 of glacial ethanoic … Read more

Activity 2K:Write the molecular and structural formulae of alcohol and carboxylic acid components for the following esters. Next, draw the structural formula of each of these esters.(i) Methyl methanoate(ii) Ethyl propanoate (iii) Propyl ethanoate Answer:(i) Molecular formula of alcohol component: CH3OHMolecular formula of carboxylic acid component: HCOOH (ii) Molecular formula of alcohol component: C2H5OHMolecular formula … Read more

Laboratory Activity 2D (Chemical Properties of Ethanoic Acid, CH3COOH):Aim: To study the chemical properties of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH. Problem statement: Can ethanoic acid, CH3COOH react with metal, metal oxide and metal carbonate? Materials: 1 mol dm−3 of ethanoic acid, CH3COOH, magnesium ribbon, Mg, sodium carbonate powder, Na2CO3, copper(II) oxide powder, CuO and limewater. Apparatus: Test … Read more

Activity 2J:Write the complete equation for each of the following alcohol reaction.1. Complete combustion in excess oxygen:(a) Methanol. (b) Propanol. 2. Oxidation by acidified potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4 oxidising agent:(a) Butanol. (b) Pentanol. 3. Dehydration by porcelain chips as the catalyst:(a) Butanol. (b) Pentanol. Answer: 1. (a) 2CH3OH + 3O2 → 2CO2 + 4H2O 1. (b) … Read more

Laboratory Activity 2C (Chemical Properties of Ethanol):Aim: To study the chemical properties of ethanol, C2H5OH. Materials: Ethanol, C2H5OH, porcelain chips, glass wool, potassium dichromate(VI), K2Cr2O7 solution, potassium manganate(VII), KMnO4 solution, concentrated sulphuric acid, H2SO4, blue litmus paper, bromine water, Br2. Apparatus: Test tube, boiling tube, boiling tube stopper with delivery tube, retort stand, test tube … Read more

Laboratory Activity 2B (Preparation of Ethanol, C2H5OH Through Fermentation of Glucose):Aim: To prepare ethanol, C2H5OH through fermentation of glucose. Materials: Glucose, C6H12O6, yeast, limewater, distilled water and filter paper. Apparatus: Conical flask, beaker, measuring cylinder, round-bottom flask, delivery tube, stopper, test tube, thermometer, fractionating column, Liebig condenser, retort stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, … Read more