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Ionic Compounds Structure Ionic Compound In an ionic compound, the alternate positive and negative ions in an ionic solid are arranged in an orderly way as shown in the image to the right. The ions can form a giant ionic lattice structure with ionic bond between the ions. The ionic bond is the strong electrical attraction … Read more
Covalent Bonding Covalent bonds are formed by atoms sharing electrons to form molecules. This type of bond usually formed between two non-metallic elements. In the formation of covalent bonds, atoms of non-metals will combine with each other to donate one, two or three electrons for sharing. The compound formed through the formation of covalent bonds … Read more
Ionic Bonding Ionic bonds are formed by one atom transferring electrons to another atom to form ions. Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, which have lost or gained electrons. The atom losing electrons forms a positive ion (a cation) and is usually a metal. The atom gaining electrons forms a negative ion (an anion) … Read more
Formation of Ion An ion is an atom or group of atoms carrying positive or negative charge. Example Ca2+, O2-, SO42- etc. If a particle has equal numbers of protons (+) and electrons (-), the particle charge is zero, and the particle is said to be neutral. In a chemical reaction, electron(s) can be transferred … Read more
Chemical Bonds 2 types of chemical bonds are commonly formed between atoms, namely Ionic Bond Covalent Bond The Ionic Bond (Ionic Bond) By releasing or receiving electron(s), the atoms will become ions and consequently form ionic bond between the ions. Ionic bonds are always formed between metal and non-metal. For example, sodium (metal) react with … Read more
The period is the horizontal rows of elements in the Periodic Table. The modern periodic table has 7 periods. The period number indicates the number of electron shell. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells. The proton number of elements increases from left to right crossing the period. The number … Read more
Group 17 elements are typical non-metals and also known as halogens. The elements in this group are fluorine. chlorine, bromine, iodine and astatine. In nature, all halogens exist as diatomic molecules. They are written as F2, Cl2, Br2, I2 and As2. Most of the halogens exist in nature as halide salts. Halide is the name … Read more
The Group 1 metals is called the Alkali Metals. This is because they form oxides and hydroxides that dissolve in water to give alkaline solutions. As shown in the diagram on the right, elements in this group are lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium and francium. They are the first element of a period, with one … Read more
The “Noble Gases” are the last group in the Periodic Table, they also known as “inert gas”, due to their non-reactive behavior. This group consist of six elements, namely Helium, Neon, Argon, Kripton, Xenon and Radon. They are non-metallic, colourless gases at room temperature and pressure with very low melting points and boiling points. They … Read more
History of Development Johann Dobereiner – Law of Triads Nature contained triads of elements The middle element had properties that were an average of the other two members when ordered by the atomic weight (the Law of Triads). John Newlands – Law of Octaves Any given element will show similar behavior to the eighth element … Read more