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Role of Water to Show Properties of Acids The presence of water is essential for the formation of hydrogen ions and it is only the presence of these ions which causes acidity. Without water, an acid won’t show the properties of acid. Example Without water, the molecules of ethanoic acid do not disassociate to form … Read more
Bases are compounds which react with acid to form a salt and water as only products. Bases that soluble in water are called alkalis. In aqueous solution, alkali it produces hydroxide ions (OH–). In short, alkalis are substances that form hydroxide ions (OH–(aq)) in waterExampleSodium hydroxide NaOH gives Na+(aq) and OH–(aq) ions, NaOH → Na+ + OH–calcium … Read more
Acids have the following chemical properties: Acid + Reactive Metal → Salt + Hydrogen gas Acid + Metal Carbonate → Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide gas Acid + Base oxide → Salt + Water Acid + Alkali → Salt + Water
Acids Acids form a class of chemical substances which contain hydrogen ions in aqueous solution, H+ (aq), as the only positive ion. Acids are usually classified into mineral or organic acids. Mineral Acids generally much stronger most do not occur naturally usually have simpler molecules Example Sulphuric Acid Nitric Acid Hydrochloric Acid Phoshoric Acid Carbonic … Read more
Revision Notes Acids Basicity of Acids Physical Properties of Acids Chemical Properties of Acids Acid + Reactive Metal Acid + Carbonate Acid + Base Oxide Acid + Alkali Writing Ionic Equation of the Reactions of Acids Bases Physical Properties of Alkali Chemical Properties of Bases/Alkalis Oxide: Basic, Acidic, Neutral, or Amphoteric Role of Water to … Read more
Simple Voltaic Cell A simple voltaic cell consists of two metal plates of different metals immerse in an electrolyte. The metal which is higher in electrochemical series will become the negative terminal. The atom of the metal which is higher in electrochemical series will release electron to form negative ions. The electrons are then move … Read more
Extraction of Metals Diagram below shows the methods of extraction for different metals. Metals which are less reactive than carbon in reactivity series are extracted from their ore by displacement reaction using carbon. Copper and mercury can be extracted from their ore by burning directly in air. Silver (Ag) and gold (Au) need no extraction … Read more
Electrolysis of Aqueous Solution An aqueous solution is solution of water of a substance. For example, if you heat sodium chloride until it melts, it is called molten sodium chloride, but if you dissolve sodium chloride in water, it is called aqueous sodium chloride. Electrolysis of aqueous solution is different from electrolysis of molten electrolyte … Read more
The Electrolytic Cell Figure above shows an electrolytic cell. There are 2 electrodes in an electrolytic cell: The electrode connected to the positive terminal of the cell is positive electrode and is given a name, anode. The electrode connected to the negative terminal of the cell is negative electrode and is called the cathode. Electrolysis: … Read more
Electrolytes and Non-electrolyte A conductor is a substance which conducts electricity but is not chemically changed during the conduction. Electrolytes are compounds that can conduct electricity in molten or aqueous solution. Examples of electrolytes are acids, alkalis and salts dissolved in water or molten salts. All these are ionic substances. A non-electrolyte is a liquid … Read more