Carbon Compound

Laboratory Activity 2B (Preparation of Ethanol, C2H5OH Through Fermentation of Glucose):Aim: To prepare ethanol, C2H5OH through fermentation of glucose.Materials: Glucose, C6H12O6, yeast, limewater, distilled water and filter paper.Apparatus: Conical flask, beaker, measuring cylinder, round-bottom flask, delivery tube, stopper, test tube, thermometer, fractionating column, Liebig condenser, retort stand, wire gauze, Bunsen burner, tripod stand, rubber tubing, … Read more

Question 1:Copy and complete the tree map by writing the chemical equation for each addition reaction that occurs on ethene, C2H4. Answer:$$ \begin{aligned} &\text { Addition of hydrogen: }\\ &\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4+\mathrm{H}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_6 \end{aligned} $$$$ \begin{aligned} &\text { Addition of halogen, } \mathrm{Br}_2 \text { : }\\ &\mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4+\mathrm{Br}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{C}_2 \mathrm{H}_4 \mathrm{Br}_2 \end{aligned} … Read more

Experiment 2A (Comparing Alkane and Alkene):A. Sootiness of FlameAim: To compare hexane, C6H14 and hexene, C6H12 for sootiness of flames during combustion.Problem statement: Do alkanes and alkenes burn with the same quantity of soot?Hypothesis: Hexene, C6H12 burns with a more sooty flame compared to hexane, C6H14.Variable: (a) Manipulated variable : Hexane, C6H14 and hexene, C6H12.(b) Responding variable … Read more

Activity 2H:Conduct this activity in groups.1. Write the balance equation for the combustion of the following alkane:(a) Ethane, C2H6(b) Propane, C3H8(c) Hexane, C6H14(d) Octane, C8H182. Based on your knowledge on the reaction between alkane and halogen, discuss how ethane, C2H6 and bromine, Br2 react with the presence of sunlight:(a) Write the equation for each stage … Read more

Question 1:Complete the following tree map with respective homologous series and general formula. Answer: Question 2:Table 2.13 shows the molecular formula of organic compounds P, Q, R, S and T from different homologous series.(a) For all compounds in the table above:(i) state their homologous series,(ii) draw the structural formula,(iii) write their IUPAC names.(b) List all … Read more

Activity 2G:You are required to conduct this activity in groups.Table 2.10 shows the physical properties of the first seven members of alkane and Table 2.11 shows the physical properties of the first six members of alkene.1. Complete Tables 2.10 and 2.11.2. Based on the data in Tables 2.10 and 2.11, state and explain the three … Read more

Natural Rubber Natural Rubber Natural rubber is a natural polymer. Latex is a milk like liquid that flows out after the bark of the rubber tree is cut. Latex is mixture of rubber particles and water. Formula of natural rubber is (C5H8)n, where n is about 10,000. Monomer of natural rubber is C5H8, known as … Read more

Fats and Oils Oils and fats belong to a group of organic compounds known as lipids. Oils and fats are natural occurring esters. Fats are found in animals. Oils are found in both animals and plants. Structure of the Molecules Differences between Oils and Fats Fats are solids at room temperature while oils are liquids … Read more

Ester Esters are non-hydrocarbon organic compounds containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. It is formed when a carboxylic acid reacts with an alcohol. General Formula: CmH2m + 1COOCnH2n + 1 wherem = 0, 1, 2, 3n = 1, 2, 3 Example Ester  Formula   Methyl methanoate(m=0, n=1)  HCOOCH3  Ethyl methanoate(m=1, n=1)  CH3COOCH3  Ethyl ethanoate(m=1, n=2)  CH3COOC2H5  Propylethanoate(m=2, … Read more

Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Ethanoic acid is a weak monoprotic acid. As such, its chemical properties are similar to acids such as hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and sulphuric acid. Ethanoic acid can react with: base metal carbonate metal alcohol Reactions of Carboxylic Acids with Reactive Metals Carboxylic acids react with the more reactive metals … Read more