Carbon Compounds

Physical Properties Alcohol Boiling Points The boiling point of alcohol is always much higher than that of the alkane with the same number of carbon atoms. This is because, the presence of the hydroxyl group gives extra force between the molecules, hence more heat energy is needed to overcome the intermolecular force when boiling. The … Read more

Isomerism of Alcohol Isomerism of alcohol is because of: the position of hydroxyl group the presence of branch (alkyl group) in the molecule ExampleIsomers of propanol Isomers of butanol

General Formula: CnH2n+1OH, n = 1, 2, 3, ……. Functional Group: Hydroxyl First 3 Members: Chemical Properties: 1.      Alcohols are compounds in which one or more hydrogen atoms in an alkane have been replaced by an -OH group. Naming Alcohols All alcohol members have a suffix ‘anol’. For example, methanol, ethanol, propanol …… The nomenclature of … Read more

Differences Between Alkane and Alkene Table below shows the difference between alkane and alkene. Alkane Alkene General Formula CnH2n+2 CnH2n Types of hydrocarbon Saturated Unsaturatd Combustion Less sooty flame when burnt Sootier flame when burn Reaction with bromine liquid No change observed The reddish brown colour of bromine become colourless Reaction with potassium manganete(VII) No … Read more

Polymerisation of Alkenes The polymerisation is a process of combining monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form polymer chains. The molecule of alkenes can combine together through addition reaction to form a long chain polymer. In the reaction, alkene molecules undergo addition reaction at the temperature of 200°C and pressure of 1200 atm. Thousands of … Read more

Chemical Properties of Alkenes Alkenes are chemically more reactive than alkanes. This because alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that have a double bond, C=C, between two carbon atom. Almost all of the chemical reactions of alkene occur at the double bond. Alkenes can undergo: Combustion reaction Addition reaction Polymerisation reaction Combustion of Alkenes Like any other hydrocarbons, … Read more

Preparing Alkene Alkene can be prepared by dehydration of alcohol craking of alkane Dehydration of Alcohol When alcohol is heated, it will decompose to form alkene and water. For example, heating ethanol will produce ethene, heating propanol will produce propene, and so on. This process is called dehydration of alcohol. Dehydration of Ethanol  C2H5OH → C2H4 + … Read more

Physical Properties of the Alkenes Alkenes are covalent compounds that consist of simple molecules. The molecules of alkenes are held together by weak Van der Waals forces (intermolecular forces). As covalent compounds, the physical properties of alkenes are similar to alkanes. Boiling Points MUST Know!The first 3 alkenes are gases.The Melting and boiling point of … Read more

Isomerism of Alkenes All the alkenes with 4 or more carbon atoms in them show isomerism. For example, butene has 3 isomer: ExampleDraw the structural formulae for all 5 isomers of pentene.Answer:

General Formula: CnH2n, n = 2, 3, 4, …. Functional Group: Double Bond First 3 Members: Chemical Properties: MUST Know! Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. Alkenes are a family of hydrocarbons (compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only) containing a carbon-carbon double bond. Therefore, alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons. The general formula for alkene is CnH2n where n = … Read more