Haber Process

1. Ammonia is manufactured in industries through Haber Process.
2. In the Haber process, nitrogen gas, N₂ from the air is mixed with hydrogen gas, H₂ derived mainly from natural gas.
3. The mixture is compressed to a high pressure of 200 atmospheres at a temperature of about 450°C.
4. Iron is used as a catalyst to speed up the rate of reaction.
5. Chemical equation below shows the reaction.
   N₂ (g) + 3H₂ (g) → 2NH₃ (g)
6. About 98% of mixture are converted into ammonia, NH₃.
7. The unreacted nitrogen gas, N₂ and hydrogen gas, H₂ is recycled and passed back into the reactor together with the new source of nitrogen gas, N, and hydrogen gas, H₂.

Summary