Consumer and Industrial Chemistry

Enrichment Corner:Virgin coconut oil has various benefits and consists of low percentage of unsaturated fatty acids, which is around 8%, while palm oil can consist up to 50% of unsaturated fatty acids. In your opinion, which oil will last longer and cannot be easily oxidised? Explain your answer. Answer:– Virgin coconut oil lasts longer– Low … Read more

Question 4:Table 1 shows the information found on labels of three types of food. P, Q and R are food additives.Table 1Based on the labels found on food containers in Table 1:(a) State the names of food additives P, Q and R.(b) Identify the type of food additives and their corresponding functions. Answer:(a) P – … Read more

Question 1:Oils and fats are the products of reactions between fatty acids and glycerol.Figure 1 shows the structure of fatty acid P.(a) State the type of fat produced when fatty acid P reacts with glycerol.(b) Oils or fats that consist of fatty acid P easily oxidise and turn rancid when exposed to the air. Explain … Read more

Question 1:What is the meaning of Green Technology? Answer:Green Technology is a technology developed to reduce the impact of human activities on the environment. Question 2:Why is there a need to treat the leachate in solid waste disposal process? Answer:To prevent groundwater sources from being polluted. Question 3:List the Green Technology used in wastewater management. … Read more

Question 1:What is the difference between nanoscience and nanotechnology? Answer:Nanoscience is a study of processing of substances at nanoscale, while nanotechnology is the development of substances or gadgets using the properties of nanoparticles. Question 2:Explain how nanotechnology can elevate the standards of living. Answer:Nanoparticle sizes, ranging from 1 to 100 nanometres, enable various applications to … Read more

Question 1:Give three examples of traditional medicines and their uses. Answer:Ginger – removes wind from the body.Aloe vera – treats skin diseasesTamarind – Juice of the fruit relieves cough Question 2:State five types of modern medicines. Answer:Analgesics, antibiotics, psychotic drugs, anti allergies and corticosteroids. Question 3:Aida has a headache. What type of medication is appropriate … Read more

Question 1:State the seven types of food additives. Answer:Preservatives, emulsifiers, antioxidants, thickeners, flavours, dyes and stabilisers. Question 2: The diagram below shows the food content label on Marjerin Lazat food packaging.(a) What type of food additive is ascorbic acid?(b) State the function of ascorbic acid in the margarine.(c) Identify two other food additives in the … Read more

Question 1:What is soap? Answer:Soaps are sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids. Question 2:What is detergent? Answer:Detergents are sodium or potassium salts of sulphonic acids. Question 3:Name the process of soap preparation. Answer:Saponification. Question 4:Give a balanced chemical equation for the reaction between stearic acid and sodium hydroxide to prepare soap. Answer: $$ \mathrm{CH}_3\left(\mathrm{CH}_2\right)_{16} … Read more

Experiment 5A (Effectiveness of Cleansing Action of Soap and Detergent):Aim: To compare the effectiveness of the cleansing actions of soap and detergent in hard water.Problem statement: Is soap more effective than detergent in hard water?Hypothesis: Suggest a hypothesis for this experiment.Variables: Determine all the variables in this experiment.Materials: Hard water, soap, detergent and cloth with … Read more

Question 1:What is the meaning of unsaturated fats? Answer:Unsaturated fats are fats that contain unsaturated fatty acids. Question 2:State the homologous series of saturated fats. Answer:Ester. Question 3: Compare and contrast oils and fats. Answer:Similarity: Consists of the same homologous series.Differences: Question 4:List the uses of oils and fats. Answer:Use of oils and fats:(a) As … Read more