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SPM Form 4 Chemistry Equations List
SPM Form 5 Chemistry Equations List

Nota Kimia SPM dalam Bahasa Malaysia

FORM 4 CHEMISTRY

02 Structure of Atom

2.1 The Particle Theory of Matter
2.1.1 Diffusion
2.1.1.1 Diffusion in Solid
2.1.1.2 Diffusion in Liquid
2.1.1.3 Diffusion in Gas
2.1.1,4 Brownian Motion
2.1.2 Symbol of Element
2.1.3 Element and Compound
2.2 Three States of Matter
2.2.1 Inter-conversion between the States of Matter
2.2.2 Heating Curve
2.2.3 Cooling Curve
2.2.4 Melting Point, Boiling Point and the State of Matter
2.3 Structure of Atom
2.3.1 Modern Atomic Model
2.3.2 The Charge of Particles
2.3.3 Proton Number and Nucleon Number
2.3.4 Isotopes
2.4 Electrons Arrangement in Atom
2.4.1 Valence Electron

  1. Introduction
  2. Particle Theory of matter
  3. Diffusion in Solid
  4. Diffusion in Liquid and Gas
  5. Types of Matter
  6. Kinetic Theory of Matter
  7. States of Matter
  8. Cooling Process
  9. Cooling Curve
  10. Heating Curve
  11. The Subatomic Particles
  12. Proton Number and Nucleon Number Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3
  13. Isotopes
  14. Electron Arrangement of Atoms
  15. Finding the Electron Arrangement of an Atom

Structured Question 1
Structured Question 2
Structured Question 3
Structured Question 4

Objective Question
Particulate Nature of Matter

03 Chemical Formulae and Equations

3.1 Relative Atomic Mass
3.1.2 Relative Molecular Mass
3.2 Concept of Mole
3.2.1 Number of Mole and Number of Particles
3.2.2 Number of Mole of Atoms and Number of Mole of Molecules
3.3 Number of Mole and Mass
3.3.1 Mass of Substance and Number of Particles
3.4 Number of Mole and Volume of Gas
3.5 Chemical Formulae
3.6 Formula of Ionic Compounds and Molecules
3.7 Chemical Equations

  1. Relative Atomic Mass
  2. Relative Molecular Mass
  3. Concept of Mole
  4. Mole and Number of Particles
  5. Molar Mass
  6. Chemical Formulae
  7. Finding Empirical Formula
  8. Finding Molecular Formula

04 Periodic Table

4.1 The Periodic Table
4.2 Group 18 Elements 
4.3 Group 1 Elements
4.3.1 Physical Properties of Group 1 Elements
4.4 Group 17 Elements
4.5 The Periods and Transition Metals

  1. The Group in Periodic Table
  2. The Period in Periodic Table
  3. Group 18 Elements
  4. Group 1 Metal
  5. Reaction of Alkali Metals with Oxygen Gas
  6. Group 17 Elements
  7. Reactivity of Group 17 Elements

05 Chemical Bonds

5.1 Chemical Bonds
5.2 Formation of Ions
5.3 Ionic Bonding
5.4 Covalent Bonding
5.5 Physical Properties of Ionic Compounds and Covalent Compounds

  1. Chemical Compounds
  2. Duplet and Octet Electron Arrangement
  3. Achieving Duplet or Octet Arrangement
  4. Ionic Bond
  5. Ionic Bonding
  6. Predicting the Formula of Ionic Compound
  7. Covalent Bonding

06 Electrochemistry

6.1 Electrolytes and Non-Electrolytes
6.2 Electrolytic Cell
6.3 Electrolysis of Aqueous Solutions
6.4 Industrial Applications of Electrolysis
6.5 Voltaic Cell

  1. Electrolysis
  2. Electrolysis of Aqueous Solution
  3. Electrochemical Series
  4. Electrolysis of Aqueous Sulphuric Acid
  5. Factors Affecting the Selective Discharge
  6. Electrolysis of Copper (II) Sulphate
  7. Extraction of Metals
  8. Extracting Sodium
  9. Extracting Aluminium
  10. Electroplating – Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3
  11. Daniell Cell
  12. Voltaic Cell / Galvanic Cell | Example

07 Acids and Bases

  1. Acids
    1. Basicity of Acids
    2. Physical Properties of Acids
  2. Chemical Properties of Acids
    1. Acid + Reactive Metal
    2. Acid + Carbonate
    3. Acid + Base Oxide
    4. Acid + Alkali
  3. Writing Ionic Equation of the Reactions of Acids
  4. Bases
    1. Physical Properties of Alkali
    2. Chemical Properties of Bases/Alkalis
    3. Oxide: Basic, Acidic, Neutral, or Amphoteric
  5. Role of Water to Show Properties of Acids and Alkali
  6. Strength of Acids/Alkalis
  7. pH Scale and Acids/Alkali Indicators
  8. Solute, Solvent and Solution
  9. Concentration
    1. Conversion of the Unit of Concentration
  10. Molarity and Number of Moles
    1. Molarity and the pH Value of Acid or Alkali
    2. Concentration of Acid
    3. Preparing Standard Solutions
  11. Dilution
  1. Acids as Proton Donor
  2. Chemical Properties of Acids
  3. Alkalis (Bases)
  4. Concentration of a Solution
  5. Unit of Concentration of a Solution
  6. Concentration of Acid
  7. Dilution | Example
  8. Preparing a Standard Solution | Example

08 Salts

  1. Understanding Salts
    1. Uses of Salts
  2. Preparing Salts
    1. Preparing Salts of Potassium, Sodium and Ammonium
    2. Preparing Salts of Non-“Potassium, Sodium and Ammonium”
    3. Preparing Insoluble Salts
  3. Constructing Ionic Equations Using the Continuous Variation Method
  4. Stoichiometric Calculation
  5. Qualitative Analysis
    1. Analysing Solubility
    2. Analysis – Colours
    3. Identifying Gases
    4. Heating Effect
  6. Identifying Anion
  7. Identifying Cation
    1. Test with Sodium Hydroxide and Ammonia Solution
    2. Test with Chloride Ions
    3. Test with Sulphate Ions
    4. Test with Carbonate Ions
    5. Test with Iodide Ions
    6. Tests to Distinguish Iron(II) and Iron(III) ions
  1. What is Salt
  2. Solubility of Salt
  3. Preparing Soluble Salts
  4. Steps to Prepare Soluble Salts
  5. Preparing Insoluble Salts
  6. Identification of Ions
  7. Heating Effect of Negative Ions
  8. Identifying Negative Ions
  9. Identifying Positive Ions (Test by NaOH and NH3)
  10. Identifying Positive Ions (Test by Chloride, Sulphate and Carbonate)

09 Manufactured Substances in Industry

  1. Sulphuric Acid
    1. Contact Process
    2. Environmental and Health Issues of Sulphur Dioxide
  2. Ammonia
    1. Haber Process
    2. Characteristics of Ammonia
    3. Ostwald Process
  3. Alloy
    1. Copper Based Alloy
    2. Iron Based Alloy
    3. Aluminium Base Alloy
    4. Tin Based Alloy
  4. Polymer
    1. Polymerisation
    2. Plastics
    3. Synthetic Rubber
    4. Synthetic Fibre
    5. Issues in Using Synthetic Polymers
  5. Glass and Ceramics
    1. Glass
    2. Ceramics
    3. New Uses of Glass and Ceramics
  6. Composite Material

FORM 5 CHEMISTRY

01 Rate of Reaction

  1. Rate of Reaction
    1. Average Rate of Reaction
    2. Average Rate of Reaction – Measurable Quantities
    3. Average Rate of Reaction – Immeasurable Quantities
  2. Analysing Rate of Reaction from Graph
    1. Average Rate of Reaction from a Graph
    2. Instantaneous Rate of Reaction from a Graph
  3. Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction
    1. Total Surface Area
    2. Concentration of Reactants
    3. Temperature of the Reactant
    4. Presence of Catalyst
    5. Pressure of Gas
  4. Collision Theory
  5. Application of Rate of Reaction
  1. Understanding Rate of Reaction
  2. Finding Rate of Reaction (Example)
  3. Finding Average Rate of Reaction from Graph
  4. Finding Instantaneous Rate
  5. Finding Instantaneous Rate (Example)
  6. Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction
  7. Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction – Size of Particle
  8. Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction – Concentration
  9. Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction – Temperature
  10. Factors Affecting the Rate of Reaction – Catalyst

02 Carbon Compounds

  1. Carbon Compounds
    1. Hydrocarbon
    2. Homologous Series
  2. Alkane
    1. Physical Properties of Alkanes
    2. Chemical Properties of Alkanes
  3. Structural Formula
  4. Isomerism
  5. Alkene
    1. Isomerism of Alkenes
    2. Physical Properties of Alkenes
    3. Preparing Alkenes
    4. Chemical Properties of Alkenes
    5. Polymerisation of Alkenes
    6. Differences Between Alkane and Alkene
  6. Alcohol
    1. Isomerism of Alcohol
    2. Physical Properties of Alkohols
    3. Preparing Alkohol
    4. Chemical Properties of Alkohol
    5. Uses of Alcohols
  7. Carboxylic Acids
    1. Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
    2. Preparing Carboxylic Acids
    3. Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
  8. Ester
  9. Natural Carbon Compounds
    1. Fat and Oil
    2. Natural Rubber
  1. Alkanes
  2. Alkyl Groups
  3. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkane
  4. Physical Properties of Alkane
  5. Chemical Properties of Alkane
  6. Alkenes
  7. IUPAC Nomenclature of Alkenes
  8. Physical Properties of Alkenes
  9. Preparing Alkenes
  10. Alcohol
  11. Physical Properties of Alcohol
  12. Preparing Alcohol
  13. Chemical Properties of Alcohol
  14. Oxidation of Alcohol
  15. Uses of Alcohol
  16. Introduction to Carboxylic Acids
  17. Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids
  18. Preparing Carboxylic Acids
  19. Chemical Properties of Carboxylic Acids

03 Oxidation and Reduction

  1. Redox Reaction
    1. Redox Reaction in Terms of Gain and Loss of Oxygen
    2. Redox Reaction in Terms of Gain and Loss of Hydrogen
    3. Oxidation Number
    4. Oxidation Number and IUPAC Nomenclature
    5. Redox Reaction in Terms of Change of Oxidation Number
    6. Redox Reaction in Terms of Transfer of Electron
  2. Types of Redox Reaction
    1. Oxidising and Reducing Agents
    2. Change of Iron(II) to Iron(III) and Vice Versa
    3. Displacement of Metals from Solution of Their Salts
    4. Displacement of Halogens
    5. Transfer of Electrons at A Distance
  3. Corrosion as a Redox Reaction
    1. Prevention of Rusting
  4. Series of Reactivities of Metals
    1. Position of Carbon in The Series of Reactivity of Metals
    2. Position of Hydrogen in The Series of Reactivity of Metals
    3. Extraction of Metals from Their Ores
  5. Electrolytic and Chemical Cells
    1. Redox Reaction in Chemical Cells
    2. Dry Cell
    3. Alkaline Cell
    4. Lead Acid Accumulator
  1. Oxidation and Reduction – Loss or Gain of Oxygen or Hydrogen | Loss or Gain Electron | Change of Oxidation States
  2. Oxidation and Reduction in Term of Changes of Oxidation State
  3. Oxidising Agent & the Half Equation
  4. Redox Reaction – Oxidation of Iron (II) to Iron (III)
  5. Redox Reaction – Reduction of Iron (III) to Iron (II)
  6. Reaction between Chlorine Water and Potassium Bromide Solution | Oxidation and Reduction
  7. The Oxidising Agent and Reducing Agent
  8. Reaction between Potassium Dichromate (VI) and Potassium Iodide  – Part 1 | Part 2 | Part 3

04 Thermochemistry

  1. Energy Changes in Chemical Reactions
    1. Exothermic Reactions
    2. Endothermic Reactions
    3. Energy Level Diagram
    4. Energy changes and formations of chemical bonds
    5. Applications of exothermic and endothermic reactions
  2. Heat of Reaction
    1. Calculating Heat Change
    2. Finding Heat of Reaction
  3. Heat of Precipitation
  4. Heat of Displacement
  5. Heat of Neutralisation
  6. Heat of Combustion
    1. Fuel value
  1. Exothermic and Endothermic Reaction
  2. Energy Level Diagram
  3. Breaking and Formation of Chemical Bond
  4. Heat of Reaction
  5. Heat of Neutralization
  6. Heat of Combustion

05 Chemical for Consumers

  1. Soap
    1. The Making of Soap – Saponification
    2. Cleaning Effect of Soaps
    3. Effectiveness of Soap
  2. Detergent
    1. The Making of Detergent
    2. Effectiveness of Detergent
    3. Additive in Detergent
  3. Food Additive
    1. Preservative
    2. Colorants/Dyes
    3. Stabilizer
    4. Flavouring Agent and Sweeteners
  4. Modern Medicine
    1. Analgesic
    2. Antibiotic
    3. Psychotherapeutic Medicine
    4. Hormone
    5. Steroids
  1. What is Salt
  2. Solubility of Salt
  3. Preparing Soluble Salts
  4. Steps to Prepare Soluble Salts
  5. Preparing Insoluble Salts
  6. Identification of Ions
  7. Heating Effect of Negative Ions
  8. Identifying Negative Ions
  9. Identifying Positive Ions (Test by NaOH and NH3)
  10. Identifying Positive Ions (Test by Chloride, Sulphate and Carbonate)